"World of Water: Three Essential Tips for Reducing Water Consumption"

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How many times have you had to defend large-scale poultry farming compared to raising a backyard flock? While we may all dream of an ideal world where each person individually grows their own food, the reality is far more complex. Land, feed, water, and other resources are not equally available to all eight billion of us. Therefore, it becomes necessary for some of us to produce food on a larger scale to support those who cannot do so themselves.

Critics often argue that concentrated farming practices significantly drain our resources. However, evidence suggests otherwise. A comprehensive life cycle assessment conducted by Chicken Farmers of Canada provides a clear picture of the industry's advancements. Over the past 40 years, water usage in poultry farming has decreased by an astounding 45 percent. This is a substantial reduction, and it doesn’t stop at water. Land and energy usage have also seen marked decreases, highlighting the industry's commitment to sustainability.

Simultaneously, there has been a dramatic increase in poultry consumption. In the mid-1960s, the average person consumed about 9.5 kg of poultry annually. Fast forward to the last five years, and this number has risen to about 35 kg per person annually. This significant increase in consumption underscores the efficiency gains in the industry. Today, we can produce more than three times the amount of protein while using almost half the resources compared to 40 years ago. Such achievements showcase an industry that has worked diligently to meet the growing global demand for food while consciously striving to minimize resource use.

The satisfaction of seeing a reduction in the resources required to grow poultry is immense for the entire industry. Nevertheless, the effort to conserve resources does not rest solely on the industry's shoulders. Individual growers play a crucial role in this endeavor. There are numerous strategies that an individual grower can implement to reduce their resource consumption. Given that this column focuses on water, I will stick to that topic. Here are some straightforward and effective ways to be more conscious of the water used on your farm.

Leaking water lines are a frequent issue in chicken barns, and they can have a range of detrimental effects. A common sign of this problem is a large patch of damp litter halfway down the barn, which often goes unnoticed. However, this is a clear indicator of significant water loss, which can compromise the quality of the litter, negatively impact the birds’ foot pads, and increase overall humidity in the barn. Additionally, leaks can lead to unnecessary water wastage and create an environment where bacteria, yeasts, molds, and fungi can thrive within the water lines.

To effectively address and prevent water line leaks, follow these comprehensive steps:

1. **Descaling the Water Lines**: At least once a year, ideally when the barn is empty, perform a thorough descaling of the water lines. Use an appropriate acid product to lower the pH of the system to five. Allow the acidic solution to remain in the system for a full 24 hours. It is crucial to activate the drinkers during this time to ensure that the acid reaches all sections of the water lines, including the individual drinker wells. After the 24-hour period, flush the system thoroughly with fresh water to remove any remaining acid. Activate the drinkers again to ensure the entire system is completely cleaned and free of residual acid.

2. **Inspecting and Replacing Rubber Seals**: Regularly inspect the individual drinkers for any signs of worn-out or damaged rubber seals. Continuous use of chlorine and acidic cleaning products can degrade these seals over time, leading to leaks. Replace any damaged seals promptly to prevent further issues. Be mindful of the cleaning products used, as overly harsh chemicals can accelerate seal deterioration.

By implementing these maintenance practices, you can effectively minimize water loss, improve the quality of the litter, and control the humidity levels in the barn. This proactive approach will contribute to a healthier environment for the birds and ensure a more efficient and sustainable operation.

**Reducing Heat Stress on Birds**

Managing heat stress is crucial for optimizing bird productivity and conserving water. Heat-stressed birds can consume two to three times more water than those kept in cooler conditions, underscoring the importance of effective heat management. Implementing cooling systems and proper ventilation can mitigate heat stress, ensuring that birds remain comfortable and efficient.

**Monitor for Persistent Dampness**

Consistent damp areas can indicate underlying issues. Underground water lines, especially those running beneath high-traffic routes such as feed or service truck paths, are vulnerable to damage and leaks. Cracked lines can cause persistent surface water problems. Regularly inspect and address any signs of moisture around the chicken barn to prevent long-term issues and maintain a dry, healthy environment for your birds.

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